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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers?
Task-level automation exposure for First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers: 18 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
56%
weighted task index
18 of 18 tasks scored
Median Salary
$87,520 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
High
214,390 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
+0.5%
employment change
21,700 openings a year · BLS line item
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 54 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$45,900 – $121,780
Highest medians
New York $121,780
Massachusetts $115,150
Colorado $110,450
South Dakota $105,680
New Jersey $99,030
Lowest medians
Guam $45,900
Puerto Rico $46,260
West Virginia $62,970
Hawaii $63,490
Arkansas $64,980
State figures come from the 41-1012 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 56%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 0%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 40%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 14%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 11/100
Low
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
18 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 44%
8 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 47%
8 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 10%
2 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Constituent Tasks
#9661 · Core · 49% automatable
Monitor sales staff performance to ensure that goals are met.
data analysis — Sales metrics monitored by AI; human interprets and acts
Monitor sales activities. Supervise sales or support personnel.
#9665 · Core · 64% automatable
Provide staff with assistance in performing difficult or complicated duties.
text generation — Providing routine information to coworkers is text-based
Provide information to coworkers. Exchange information with colleagues.
#20266 · Core · 49% automatable
Direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or performing specific services.
data analysis — Sales metrics monitored by AI; human interprets and acts
Monitor sales activities. Supervise sales or support personnel.
#9660 · Core · 62% automatable
Listen to and resolve customer complaints regarding services, products, or personnel.
information retrieval — Product questions answered from knowledge base
Explain technical product or service information to customers. Answer customer questions about goods or services.
#9673 · Core · 85% automatable
Keep records pertaining to purchases, sales, and requisitions.
data analysis — Maintain structured sales records via tools
Maintain records of sales or other business transactions.
#9662 · Core · 40% automatable
Hire, train, and evaluate personnel.
interpersonal — Sales coaching blends persuasion and live practice
Train sales personnel.
#9663 · Core · 58% automatable
Confer with company officials to develop methods and procedures to increase sales, expand markets, and promote business.
text generation — Plans drafted; human owns positioning and approval
Develop marketing plans or strategies.
#9666 · Core · 68% automatable
Plan and prepare work schedules, and assign employees to specific duties.
decision support — Assignments drafted; accountability and negotiation human
Assign duties or work schedules to employees.
#9667 · Core · 58% automatable
Attend company meetings to exchange product information and coordinate work activities with other departments.
interpersonal — Discussing design features with staff is relational exchange
Discuss design or technical features of products or services with technical personnel.
#9672 · Supplemental · 48% automatable
Visit retailers and sales representatives to promote products and gather information.
interpersonal — Customer needs discovery needs live interaction
Gather customer or product information to determine customer needs. Contact current or potential customers to promote products or services.
#9669 · Supplemental · 52% automatable
Formulate pricing policies on merchandise according to profitability requirements.
text generation — Drafts operational policy; accountability and approval human
Establish operational policies.
#9668 · Supplemental · 78% automatable
Prepare sales and inventory reports for management and budget departments.
data analysis — Reports and budgets drafted; human owns assumptions
Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
#9677 · Supplemental · 22% automatable
Examine products purchased for resale or received for storage to determine product condition.
visual inspection — Property condition assessment requires physical presence
Examine condition of property or products.
#9670 · Supplemental · 22% automatable
Examine merchandise to ensure correct pricing and display, and that it functions as advertised.
visual inspection — Property condition assessment requires physical presence
Examine condition of property or products.
#9671 · Supplemental · 72% automatable
Analyze details of sales territories to assess their growth potential and to set quotas.
data analysis — Market trend analysis from provided data
Analyze market conditions or trends.
#9676 · Supplemental · 64% automatable
Inventory stock and reorder when inventories drop to specified levels.
decision support — Merchandise purchasing aided; human owns buying decisions
Purchase stocks of merchandise or supplies. Monitor inventories of products or materials.
#9674 · Supplemental · 50% automatable
Coordinate sales promotion activities, such as preparing merchandise displays and advertising copy.
decision support — Campaign coordination needs human judgment and relationships
Coordinate sales campaigns.
#9675 · Supplemental · 65% automatable
Prepare rental or lease agreements, specifying charges and payment procedures for use of machinery, tools, or other items.
text generation — Draft contracts; legal terms human-owned
Prepare sales or other contracts.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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