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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary?
Task-level automation exposure for Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary: 24 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
61%
weighted task index
24 of 24 tasks scored
Median Salary
$79,350 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
Low
19,830 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
+0.2%
employment change
1,600 openings a year · BLS line item
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 46 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$54,670 – $101,750
Highest medians
New Hampshire $101,750
Delaware $101,100
California $99,860
Massachusetts $98,750
Maine $96,970
Lowest medians
Mississippi $54,670
Oklahoma $61,580
Arkansas $62,900
North Carolina $63,900
North Dakota $64,540
State figures come from the 25-1124 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 61%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 0%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 77%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 28%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 0/100
Low
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
24 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 66%
15 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 31%
8 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 3%
1 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Constituent Tasks
#6335 · Core · 80% automatable
Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.
text generation — Develop instructional materials; human reviews
Develop instructional materials.
#6337 · Core · 78% automatable
Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.
data analysis — Maintain structured student records in databases
Maintain student records.
#6334 · Core · 70% automatable
Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers.
decision support — Grading aided; rubric judgment and accountability human
Evaluate student work.
#6336 · Core · 40% automatable
Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.
interpersonal — Facilitating live discussion needs real-time human judgment
Guide class discussions.
#6340 · Core · 60% automatable
Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as how to speak and write a foreign language and the cultural aspects of areas where a particular language is used.
text generation — Lecture content and materials largely AI-draftable; delivery human
Teach humanities courses at the college level.
#6345 · Core · 67% automatable
Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in scholarly journals, books, or electronic media.
information retrieval — AI researches and synthesizes; human judges relevance
Research topics in area of expertise. Write articles, books or other original materials in area of expertise.
#6343 · Core · 49% automatable
Keep abreast of developments in their field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional organizations and activities.
information retrieval — AI monitors developments; human judges significance
Stay informed about current developments in field of specialization. Attend training sessions or professional meetings to develop or maintain professional knowledge.
#6338 · Core · 65% automatable
Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.
text generation — Item writing from specs, human reviews validity
Administer tests to assess educational needs or progress. Prepare tests. Evaluate student work.
#6341 · Core · 60% automatable
Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students.
interpersonal — Career guidance drafted; mentor relationship human
Advise students on academic or career matters.
#6339 · Core · 70% automatable
Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction.
text generation — Drafts instructional objectives; educator refines and validates
Evaluate effectiveness of educational programs. Develop instructional objectives.
#6342 · Core · 66% automatable
Select and obtain materials and supplies, such as textbooks.
decision support — Routine ordering automatable; human approves purchases
Select educational materials or equipment. Order instructional or library materials or equipment.
#6344 · Core · 60% automatable
Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues.
interpersonal — Career guidance drafted; mentor relationship human
Advise students on academic or career matters.
#21131 · Core · 71% automatable
Write letters of recommendation for students.
text generation — Reports/evaluations drafted; human owns judgment
Evaluate student work. Write reports or evaluations.
#6346 · Core · 78% automatable
Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues.
information retrieval — AI researches and synthesizes; human judges relevance
Research topics in area of expertise.
#6347 · Core · 35% automatable
Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.
interpersonal — Committee service requires presence, negotiation, accountability
Serve on institutional or departmental committees.
#6352 · Core · 42% automatable
Perform administrative duties, such as serving as department head.
interpersonal — Directing people requires live authority and accountability
Direct department activities.
#20100 · Core · 35% automatable
Organize and direct study abroad programs.
interpersonal — Extracurricular coordination needs on-site human supervision
Coordinate student extracurricular activities.
#6348 · Core · 59% automatable
Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.
data analysis — Registration data entry automatable; verification and exceptions human
Promote educational institutions or programs. Perform student enrollment or registration activities.
#6349 · Core · 80% automatable
Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.
information retrieval — Bibliography compilation from sources, human curates
Compile specialized bibliographies or lists of materials.
#6350 · Core · 52% automatable
Participate in campus and community events.
interpersonal — Public programs need community engagement and judgment
Plan community programs or activities for the general public.
#6353 · Supplemental · 32% automatable
Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.
interpersonal — Mentoring students requires relationship and judgment
Supervise student research or internship work.
#20099 · Supplemental · 72% automatable
Develop and maintain Web pages for teaching-related purposes.
text generation — Generate learning content; human owns pedagogy
Create technology-based learning materials.
#6351 · Supplemental · 60% automatable
Act as advisers to student organizations.
interpersonal — Career guidance drafted; mentor relationship human
Advise students on academic or career matters.
#6354 · Supplemental · 55% automatable
Write grant proposals to procure external research funding.
text generation — Draft grant text; human owns strategy and budget
Write grant proposals.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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