Gini Loh System Tools

AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers?

Task-level automation exposure for First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers: 28 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

59% weighted task index

28 of 28 tasks scored

Median Salary

$69,500 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

Very High

1,436,680 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

+0.1% employment change

127,400 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 54 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$42,840 – $79,480

Highest medians

Washington $79,480
District of Columbia $79,200
New York $79,170
Connecticut $78,200
California $77,590

Lowest medians

Puerto Rico $42,840
Guam $44,980
West Virginia $53,660
Virgin Islands $55,630
Louisiana $57,180

State figures come from the 43-1011 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 59%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 0%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 54%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 12%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Consequence of error 9/100 Low

O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.

Constituent Task Mix

28 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 46%

13 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 41%

12 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 13%

3 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Constituent Tasks

#9704 · Core · 33% automatable

Supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure adherence to quality standards, deadlines, and proper procedures, correcting errors or problems.

interpersonal — Supervising clerical staff is relational management work

Supervise clerical or administrative personnel.
#9703 · Core · 59% automatable

Resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions regarding policies and procedures.

information retrieval — AI explains policies; human handles live questions

Explain regulations, policies, or procedures. Respond to customer problems or complaints.
#9705 · Core · 40% automatable

Provide employees with guidance in handling difficult or complex problems or in resolving escalated complaints or disputes.

interpersonal — General personnel training is human-led and relational

Train personnel.
#9710 · Core · 80% automatable

Review records or reports pertaining to activities such as production, payroll, or shipping to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance.

text generation — Document compliance checking against requirements is automatable

Examine documents to verify adherence to requirements.
#9707 · Core · 33% automatable

Discuss job performance problems with employees to identify causes and issues and to work on resolving problems.

interpersonal — Supervising clerical staff is relational management work

Supervise clerical or administrative personnel.
#9713 · Core · 75% automatable

Prepare and issue work schedules, deadlines, and duty assignments for office or administrative staff.

decision support — Draft schedules; human owns fairness and coverage

Prepare employee work schedules.
#9711 · Core · 55% automatable

Recruit, interview, and select employees.

decision support — AI coordinates admin; human owns hiring decisions

Administer personnel recruitment or hiring activities.
#9712 · Core · 62% automatable

Interpret and communicate work procedures and company policies to staff.

information retrieval — AI explains policies; human handles live questions

Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
#9709 · Core · 33% automatable

Evaluate employees' job performance and conformance to regulations and recommend appropriate personnel action.

interpersonal — Supervising clerical staff is relational management work

Supervise clerical or administrative personnel.
#9708 · Core · 40% automatable

Train or instruct employees in job duties or company policies or arrange for training to be provided.

interpersonal — General personnel training is human-led and relational

Train personnel.
#9716 · Core · 80% automatable

Research, compile, and prepare reports, manuals, correspondence, or other information required by management or governmental agencies.

data analysis — Compiling data or documentation is largely automatable

Compile data or documentation. Prepare research or technical reports.
#9706 · Core · 55% automatable

Implement corporate or departmental policies, procedures, and service standards in conjunction with management.

decision support — AI drafts policies; accountability and context are human

Develop organizational policies or programs.
#9715 · Core · 88% automatable

Compute figures such as balances, totals, or commissions.

data analysis — Financial calculations fully automatable

Calculate financial data.
#9717 · Core · 45% automatable

Coordinate activities with other supervisory personnel or with other work units or departments.

interpersonal — Operational coordination requires live human orchestration

Coordinate operational activities.
#9722 · Core · 60% automatable

Participate in the work of subordinates to facilitate productivity or to overcome difficult aspects of work.

text generation — Broad clerical tasks partly automatable, human oversees exceptions

Perform administrative or clerical tasks.
#9720 · Core · 72% automatable

Make recommendations to management concerning such issues as staffing decisions or procedural changes.

text generation — Providing routine information to coworkers is text-based

Provide information to coworkers.
#9719 · Core · 55% automatable

Develop or update procedures, policies, or standards.

decision support — AI drafts policies; accountability and context are human

Develop organizational policies or programs.
#9714 · Core · 81% automatable

Maintain records pertaining to inventory, personnel, orders, supplies, or machine maintenance.

data analysis — Maintain inventory records from provided counts

Maintain inventory records. Record personnel information.
#9721 · Core · 48% automatable

Consult with managers or other personnel to resolve problems in areas such as equipment performance, output quality, or work schedules.

interpersonal — Real-time coworker coordination is relational work

Confer with coworkers to coordinate work activities.
#9724 · Supplemental · 75% automatable

Develop work schedules according to budgets and workloads.

decision support — Draft schedules; human owns fairness and coverage

Prepare employee work schedules.
#9718 · Supplemental · 78% automatable

Analyze financial activities of establishments or departments and provide input into budget planning and preparation processes.

data analysis — Financial analysis from given data; human reviews

Analyze financial information.
#9723 · Supplemental · 55% automatable

Design, implement, or evaluate staff training and development programs, customer service initiatives, or performance measurement criteria.

decision support — AI drafts policies; accountability and context are human

Develop organizational policies or programs.
#9729 · Supplemental · 78% automatable

Keep informed of provisions of labor-management agreements and their effects on departmental operations.

information retrieval — AI curates updates; human maintains working knowledge

Maintain current knowledge related to work activities.
#9730 · Supplemental · 45% automatable

Coordinate or perform activities associated with shipping, receiving, distribution, or transportation.

interpersonal — Operational coordination requires live human orchestration

Coordinate operational activities.
#9725 · Supplemental · 62% automatable

Monitor inventory levels and requisition or purchase supplies as needed.

data analysis — System inventory monitoring automatable; physical audit human

Monitor inventories of products or materials.
#9727 · Supplemental · 45% automatable

Plan for or coordinate office services, such as equipment or supply acquisition or organization, disposal of assets, relocation, parking, maintenance, or security services.

interpersonal — Operational coordination requires live human orchestration

Coordinate operational activities.
#9728 · Supplemental · 65% automatable

Arrange for necessary maintenance or repair work.

text generation — Reporting maintenance problems is routine messaging

Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel.
#9731 · Supplemental · 55% automatable

Plan layouts of stockrooms, warehouses, or other storage areas, considering turnover, size, weight, or related factors pertaining to items stored.

decision support — Layout planning aided; human owns design

Plan facility layouts or designs.
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Method

How this was scored

  1. 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
  2. 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
  3. 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
  4. 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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