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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners?
Task-level automation exposure for Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners: 21 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
15%
weighted task index
21 of 21 tasks scored
Median Salary
$36,840 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
Very High
2,209,760 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
+2.2%
employment change
321,800 openings a year · BLS line item
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 54 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$21,890 – $45,580
Highest medians
Massachusetts $45,580
Washington $45,520
New York $41,640
California $41,090
Vermont $40,910
Lowest medians
Puerto Rico $21,890
Guam $22,710
Mississippi $28,380
Louisiana $28,930
Virgin Islands $29,000
State figures come from the 37-2011 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 15%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 82%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 5%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 0%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 24/100
Low
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
21 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 0%
0 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 11%
2 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 89%
19 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Constituent Tasks
#9538 · Core · 10% automatable
Service, clean, or supply restrooms.
physical manipulation — Facility cleaning requires physical manipulation
Clean facilities or sites.
#9539 · Core · 5% automatable
Gather and empty trash.
physical manipulation — Physical disposal of trash and waste
Dispose of trash or waste materials.
#9540 · Core · 10% automatable
Clean building floors by sweeping, mopping, scrubbing, or vacuuming.
physical manipulation — Wall and floor cleaning is hands-on labor
Clean building walls or flooring.
#20590 · Core · 30% automatable
Monitor building security and safety by performing tasks such as locking doors after operating hours or checking electrical appliance use to ensure that hazards are not created.
situated mobility — Premises monitoring requires physical patrol and presence
Monitor building premises to ensure occupant or visitor safety.
#9544 · Core · 45% automatable
Notify managers concerning the need for major repairs or additions to building operating systems.
interpersonal — Maintenance coordination tied to physical scheduling
Confer with coworkers to coordinate maintenance or cleaning activities.
#9541 · Core · 15% automatable
Follow procedures for the use of chemical cleaners and power equipment to prevent damage to floors and fixtures.
physical manipulation — Chemical preparation requires hands-on handling
Prepare chemicals for work application.
#9542 · Core · 15% automatable
Mix water and detergents or acids in containers to prepare cleaning solutions, according to specifications.
physical manipulation — Chemical preparation requires hands-on handling
Prepare chemicals for work application.
#9546 · Core · 5% automatable
Clean windows, glass partitions, or mirrors, using soapy water or other cleaners, sponges, or squeegees.
physical manipulation — Physical wiping and cleaning of furniture
Clean furniture or fixtures.
#9545 · Core · 55% automatable
Requisition supplies or equipment needed for cleaning and maintenance duties.
decision support — Cleaning supply selection needs site-specific judgment
Select equipment, materials, or supplies for cleaning or maintenance activities.
#9550 · Core · 7% automatable
Dust furniture, walls, machines, or equipment.
physical manipulation — Wall and floor cleaning is hands-on labor
Clean furniture or fixtures. Clean equipment or supplies. Clean building walls or flooring.
#9549 · Core · 5% automatable
Clean and polish furniture and fixtures.
physical manipulation — Physical wiping and cleaning of furniture
Clean furniture or fixtures.
#9551 · Core · 6% automatable
Move heavy furniture, equipment, or supplies, either manually or with hand trucks.
physical manipulation — Manual moving of furniture in varied spaces
Move furniture.
#9543 · Supplemental · 10% automatable
Strip, seal, finish, and polish floors.
physical manipulation — Wall and floor cleaning is hands-on labor
Clean building walls or flooring.
#9552 · Supplemental · 7% automatable
Remove snow from sidewalks, driveways, or parking areas, using snowplows, snow blowers, or snow shovels, or spread snow-melting chemicals.
situated mobility — Driving vehicles at work sites is situated mobility
Remove snow. Drive trucks or other vehicles to or at work sites.
#9555 · Supplemental · 10% automatable
Make adjustments or minor repairs to heating, cooling, ventilating, plumbing, or electrical systems.
physical manipulation — Hands-on system maintenance to ensure function
Maintain equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning.
#20592 · Supplemental · 10% automatable
Drive vans, industrial trucks, or other vehicles required to travel to, or to perform, cleaning work.
situated mobility — Driving vehicles at work sites is situated mobility
Drive trucks or other vehicles to or at work sites.
#9554 · Supplemental · 10% automatable
Spray insecticides or fumigants to prevent insect or rodent infestation.
physical manipulation — Pest treatment requires applying chemicals in the field
Treat facilities to eliminate pests.
#9548 · Supplemental · 6% automatable
Set up, arrange, or remove decorations, tables, chairs, ladders, or scaffolding to prepare facilities for events, such as banquets or meetings.
physical manipulation — Manual moving of furniture in varied spaces
Move furniture. Decorate indoor or outdoor spaces.
#9559 · Supplemental · 10% automatable
Clean chimneys, flues, and connecting pipes, using power or hand tools.
physical manipulation — Facility cleaning requires physical manipulation
Clean facilities or sites.
#20591 · Supplemental · 6% automatable
Mow or trim lawns or shrubbery, using mowers or hand or power trimmers, and clear debris from grounds.
situated mobility — Grounds equipment operation needs real-world control
Remove debris from work sites. Trim trees or other vegetation. Operate grounds maintenance equipment.
#9547 · Supplemental · 10% automatable
Steam-clean or shampoo carpets.
physical manipulation — Wall and floor cleaning is hands-on labor
Clean building walls or flooring.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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