Gini Loh System Tools

AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers?

Task-level automation exposure for First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers: 26 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

45% weighted task index

26 of 26 tasks scored

Median Salary

$49,100 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

High

178,760 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

+3.2% employment change

30,800 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 53 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$28,030 – $63,550

Highest medians

Washington $63,550
Rhode Island $63,520
California $61,470
New York $60,580
Massachusetts $59,760

Lowest medians

Guam $28,030
Arkansas $37,500
Louisiana $38,640
Oklahoma $40,460
West Virginia $41,450

State figures come from the 37-1011 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 45%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 11%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 45%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 8%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Consequence of error 28/100 Moderate

O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.

Constituent Task Mix

26 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 26%

7 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 42%

11 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 32%

8 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Constituent Tasks

#9533 · Core · 30% automatable

Supervise in-house services, such as laundries, maintenance and repair, dry cleaning, or valet services.

interpersonal — Supervising maintenance workers is live, accountable leadership

Supervise maintenance workers.
#9520 · Core · 55% automatable

Select the most suitable cleaning materials for different types of linens, furniture, flooring, and surfaces.

decision support — Cleaning supply selection needs site-specific judgment

Select equipment, materials, or supplies for cleaning or maintenance activities.
#9534 · Core · 45% automatable

Advise managers, desk clerks, or admitting personnel of rooms ready for occupancy.

interpersonal — Maintenance coordination tied to physical scheduling

Confer with coworkers to coordinate maintenance or cleaning activities.
#9513 · Core · 22% automatable

Inspect work performed to ensure that it meets specifications and established standards.

visual inspection — Physical work inspection against standards

Inspect work to ensure standards are met.
#9515 · Core · 10% automatable

Perform or assist with cleaning duties as necessary.

physical manipulation — Facility cleaning requires physical manipulation

Clean facilities or sites.
#9514 · Core · 72% automatable

Plan and prepare employee work schedules.

decision support — Algorithmic scheduling with human handling constraints and exceptions

Plan employee work schedules.
#9527 · Core · 55% automatable

Establish and implement operational standards and procedures for the departments supervised.

decision support — Drafts standards; organizational adoption and judgment human

Establish work standards.
#9519 · Core · 20% automatable

Inspect and evaluate the physical condition of facilities to determine the type of work required.

visual inspection — Grounds/building condition assessment is physical

Inspect buildings or grounds to determine condition.
#9524 · Core · 62% automatable

Inventory stock to ensure that supplies and equipment are available in adequate amounts.

data analysis — Digital inventory records reconcile well; physical counts need humans

Inventory materials or equipment.
#9522 · Core · 20% automatable

Issue supplies and equipment to workers.

physical manipulation — Physically delivering supplies to workers

Distribute supplies to workers.
#9523 · Core · 55% automatable

Forecast necessary levels of staffing and stock at different times to facilitate effective scheduling and ordering.

decision support — Broad resource determination needs organizational judgment

Determine resource needs.
#20130 · Core · 10% automatable

Check and maintain equipment to ensure that it is in working order.

physical manipulation — Hands-on system maintenance to ensure function

Maintain equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning.
#9531 · Core · 85% automatable

Maintain required records of work hours, budgets, payrolls, and other information.

data analysis — Log work hours and activities into systems

Document work hours or activities.
#9512 · Core · 30% automatable

Direct activities for stopping the spread of infections in facilities, such as hospitals.

interpersonal — Supervising maintenance workers is live, accountable leadership

Supervise maintenance workers.
#9528 · Core · 66% automatable

Recommend or arrange for additional services, such as painting, repair work, renovations, and the replacement of furnishings and equipment.

decision support — Proposes corrective procedures; human verifies applicability

Arrange maintenance activities. Recommend changes or corrective procedures.
#9517 · Core · 45% automatable

Coordinate activities with other departments to ensure that services are provided in an efficient and timely manner.

interpersonal — Maintenance coordination tied to physical scheduling

Confer with coworkers to coordinate maintenance or cleaning activities.
#9516 · Core · 45% automatable

Investigate complaints about service and equipment, and take corrective action.

decision support — Complaint triage aided; interviews and judgment human

Investigate work related complaints to determine corrective actions.
#9521 · Core · 45% automatable

Instruct staff in work policies and procedures, and the use and maintenance of equipment.

interpersonal — Policy instruction content aided, delivery human

Instruct staff in work policies or procedures.
#9529 · Core · 55% automatable

Select and order or purchase new equipment, supplies, or furnishings.

decision support — Cleaning supply selection needs site-specific judgment

Select equipment, materials, or supplies for cleaning or maintenance activities.
#9536 · Core · 85% automatable

Prepare reports on activity, personnel, and information, such as occupancy, hours worked, facility usage, work performed, and departmental expenses.

data analysis — Log work hours and activities into systems

Document work hours or activities.
#9526 · Core · 45% automatable

Confer with staff to resolve performance and personnel problems, and to discuss company policies.

interpersonal — Maintenance coordination tied to physical scheduling

Confer with coworkers to coordinate maintenance or cleaning activities. Instruct staff in work policies or procedures.
#9525 · Core · 50% automatable

Evaluate employee performance and recommend personnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, and dismissals.

decision support — Hiring judgment with legal accountability

Evaluate current or prospective maintenance employees.
#9530 · Core · 60% automatable

Recommend changes that could improve service and increase operational efficiency.

decision support — Drafts policy options; political judgment owned by human

Recommend organizational process or policy changes.
#9535 · Supplemental · 65% automatable

Perform financial tasks, such as estimating costs and preparing and managing budgets.

data analysis — Maintenance cost estimation from specs

Estimate maintenance service requirements or costs.
#9532 · Supplemental · 50% automatable

Screen job applicants, and hire new employees.

decision support — Hiring judgment with legal accountability

Evaluate current or prospective maintenance employees.
#20131 · Supplemental · 3% automatable

Perform grounds maintenance tasks, such as removing snow and mowing the lawn.

physical manipulation — Manual snow removal with tools outdoors

Remove snow.
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Method

How this was scored

  1. 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
  2. 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
  3. 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
  4. 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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