Gini Loh System Tools

AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers?

Task-level automation exposure for First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers: 28 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

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Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

44% weighted task index

28 of 28 tasks scored

Median Salary

$58,430 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

High

130,760 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

+4.0% employment change

23,900 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 54 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$37,510 – $74,340

Highest medians

Delaware $74,340
Washington $71,930
New York $70,760
Oregon $70,560
New Jersey $68,580

Lowest medians

Puerto Rico $37,510
Guam $40,100
Mississippi $47,130
Texas $47,630
Louisiana $48,410

State figures come from the 37-1012 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 44%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 15%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 32%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 11%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Consequence of error 22/100 Low

O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.

Constituent Task Mix

28 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 25%

7 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 37%

11 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 38%

10 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Emerging & rewritten tasks

Tasks O*NET added or rewrote for this occupation in its recent updates (05/2025 – 08/2026), with who proposed them. Additions are not in the scored task inventory — they are new work O*NET is still measuring, so they appear here and nowhere in the index. A Revision replaces a task that is scored, which is why only those move the "Rewritten by O*NET" share.

  • New 08/2021 · Incumbent

    Repair irrigation systems.

Constituent Tasks

#11199 · Core · 55% automatable

Establish and enforce operating procedures and work standards that will ensure adequate performance and personnel safety.

decision support — Drafts standards; organizational adoption and judgment human

Establish work standards.
#11202 · Core · 72% automatable

Schedule work for crews, depending on work priorities, crew or equipment availability, or weather conditions.

decision support — Algorithmic scheduling with human handling constraints and exceptions

Plan employee work schedules.
#11225 · Core · 20% automatable

Tour grounds, such as parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, or golf courses, to inspect conditions of plants and soil.

visual inspection — Grounds/building condition assessment is physical

Inspect buildings or grounds to determine condition.
#11204 · Core · 22% automatable

Monitor project activities to ensure that instructions are followed, deadlines are met, and schedules are maintained.

visual inspection — Physical work inspection against standards

Inspect work to ensure standards are met.
#11201 · Core · 30% automatable

Direct activities of workers who perform duties, such as landscaping, cultivating lawns, or pruning trees and shrubs.

interpersonal — Supervising maintenance workers is live, accountable leadership

Supervise maintenance workers.
#11200 · Core · 22% automatable

Inspect completed work to ensure conformance to specifications, standards, and contract requirements.

visual inspection — Physical work inspection against standards

Inspect work to ensure standards are met.
#11203 · Core · 4% automatable

Plant or maintain vegetation through activities such as mulching, fertilizing, watering, mowing, or pruning.

physical manipulation — Hands-on trimming of vegetation in the field

Plant greenery to improve landscape appearance. Irrigate lawns, trees, or plants. Trim trees or other vegetation.
#11210 · Core · 15% automatable

Direct or perform mixing or application of fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, or fungicides.

physical manipulation — Chemical preparation requires hands-on handling

Prepare chemicals for work application.
#11205 · Core · 45% automatable

Train workers in tasks such as transplanting or pruning trees or shrubs, finishing cement, using equipment, or caring for turf.

interpersonal — Policy instruction content aided, delivery human

Instruct staff in work policies or procedures.
#11224 · Core · 65% automatable

Prepare service estimates based on labor, material, and machine costs and maintain budgets for individual projects.

data analysis — Maintenance cost estimation from specs

Estimate maintenance service requirements or costs.
#11215 · Core · 30% automatable

Identify diseases or pests affecting landscaping and order appropriate treatments.

visual inspection — Landscape inspection needs on-site visual assessment

Inspect landscaping to determine treatment needs.
#11207 · Core · 62% automatable

Inventory supplies of tools, equipment, or materials to ensure that sufficient supplies are available and items are in usable condition.

data analysis — Digital inventory records reconcile well; physical counts need humans

Inventory materials or equipment.
#11212 · Core · 85% automatable

Maintain required records, such as personnel information or project records.

data analysis — Log work hours and activities into systems

Document work hours or activities.
#11209 · Core · 50% automatable

Perform personnel-related activities, such as hiring workers, evaluating staff performance, or taking disciplinary actions when performance problems occur.

decision support — Hiring judgment with legal accountability

Evaluate current or prospective maintenance employees.
#11206 · Core · 6% automatable

Provide workers with assistance in performing duties as necessary to meet deadlines.

physical manipulation — Physical assisting of skilled trades on site

Assist skilled construction or extraction personnel.
#11213 · Core · 85% automatable

Prepare or maintain required records, such as work activity or personnel reports.

data analysis — Log work hours and activities into systems

Document work hours or activities.
#11216 · Core · 45% automatable

Investigate work-related complaints to verify problems and to determine responses.

decision support — Complaint triage aided; interviews and judgment human

Investigate work related complaints to determine corrective actions.
#11219 · Core · 85% automatable

Perform administrative duties, such as authorizing leaves or processing time sheets.

data analysis — Log work hours and activities into systems

Document work hours or activities.
#11208 · Core · 45% automatable

Confer with other supervisors to coordinate work activities with those of other departments or units.

interpersonal — Maintenance coordination tied to physical scheduling

Confer with coworkers to coordinate maintenance or cleaning activities.
#11217 · Core · 30% automatable

Direct or assist workers engaged in the maintenance or repair of equipment, such as power tools or motorized equipment.

interpersonal — Supervising maintenance workers is live, accountable leadership

Supervise maintenance workers.
#11211 · Core · 55% automatable

Review contracts or work assignments to determine service, machine, or workforce requirements for jobs.

decision support — Broad resource determination needs organizational judgment

Determine resource needs.
#11214 · Core · 50% automatable

Order the performance of corrective work when problems occur and recommend procedural changes to avoid such problems.

decision support — Drafts standards; organizational adoption and judgment human

Investigate work related complaints to determine corrective actions. Establish work standards.
#11221 · Core · 45% automatable

Confer with managers or landscape architects to develop plans or schedules for landscaping maintenance or improvement.

interpersonal — Maintenance coordination tied to physical scheduling

Confer with coworkers to coordinate maintenance or cleaning activities.
#11220 · Core · 60% automatable

Recommend changes in working conditions or equipment used to increase crew efficiency.

decision support — Drafts policy options; political judgment owned by human

Recommend organizational process or policy changes.
#11223 · Core · 50% automatable

Answer inquiries from current or prospective customers regarding methods, materials, or price ranges.

interpersonal — Cost/service explanation requires site-specific human input

Provide information about landscaping services or costs.
#11218 · Core · 3% automatable

Install or maintain landscaped areas, performing tasks such as removing snow, pouring cement curbs, or repairing sidewalks.

physical manipulation — Manual snow removal with tools outdoors

Remove snow.
#11226 · Core · 48% automatable

Design or supervise the installation of sprinkler systems, calculating water pressure, or valve and pipe coverage needs.

data analysis — Maintenance cost estimation from specs

Estimate maintenance service requirements or costs. Supervise maintenance workers.
#11222 · Supplemental · 50% automatable

Negotiate with customers regarding fees for landscaping, lawn service, or groundskeeping work.

interpersonal — Cost/service explanation requires site-specific human input

Provide information about landscaping services or costs.
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Method

How this was scored

  1. 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
  2. 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
  3. 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
  4. 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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