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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate?
Task-level automation exposure for Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate: 28 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
62%
weighted task index
28 of 28 tasks scored
Median Salary
$67,960 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
Medium
57,070 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
+3.5%
employment change
5,200 openings a year · BLS roll-up 13-2020
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 51 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$33,370 – $107,980
Highest medians
District of Columbia $107,980
New Jersey $92,390
Massachusetts $91,750
California $88,900
Connecticut $86,050
Lowest medians
Puerto Rico $33,370
West Virginia $44,940
Oklahoma $49,990
New Mexico $50,550
Arkansas $50,840
OEWS has no state row for this exact code, so figures come from the 13-2020 roll-up. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 62%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 0%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 77%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 7%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 4/100
Low
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
28 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 63%
17 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 35%
10 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 2%
1 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Constituent Tasks
#21549 · Core · 45% automatable
Compute final estimation of property values, taking into account such factors as depreciation, replacement costs, value comparisons of similar properties, and income potential.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21550 · Core · 78% automatable
Prepare written reports that estimate property values, outline methods by which the estimations were made, and meet appraisal standards.
data analysis — Reports and budgets drafted; human owns assumptions
Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
#21569 · Core · 70% automatable
Photograph interiors and exteriors of properties to assist in estimating property value, substantiate findings, and complete appraisal reports.
text generation — Data/product visuals generated; human selects and verifies
Create images of data, locations, or products.
#21565 · Core · 72% automatable
Search public records for transactions such as sales, leases, and assessments.
information retrieval — Gather financial records, human verifies authenticity
Gather financial records.
#21570 · Core · 72% automatable
Obtain county land values and sales information about nearby properties to aid in establishment of property values.
information retrieval — Gather financial records, human verifies authenticity
Gather financial records.
#21564 · Core · 78% automatable
Maintain familiarity with aspects of local real estate markets.
information retrieval — AI surfaces updates; human internalizes knowledge
Update professional knowledge.
#21556 · Core · 45% automatable
Inspect properties, considering factors such as market value, location, and building or replacement costs to determine appraisal value.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21552 · Core · 72% automatable
Collect and analyze relevant data to identify real estate market trends.
data analysis — Market trend analysis from provided data
Analyze market conditions or trends.
#21558 · Core · 82% automatable
Review information about transfers of property to ensure its accuracy, checking basic information on buyers, sellers, and sales prices and making corrections as necessary.
data analysis — Cross-checking records against criteria, human spot-checks
Verify accuracy of records.
#21577 · Core · 72% automatable
Analyze trends in sales prices, construction costs, and rents, to assess property values or determine the accuracy of assessments.
data analysis — Market trend analysis from provided data
Analyze market conditions or trends.
#21551 · Core · 45% automatable
Inspect new construction and major improvements to existing structures to determine values.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21566 · Core · 45% automatable
Check building codes and zoning bylaws to determine any effects on the properties being appraised.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21568 · Core · 45% automatable
Interview persons familiar with properties and immediate surroundings, such as contractors, home owners, and realtors, to obtain pertinent information.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21567 · Core · 82% automatable
Verify legal descriptions of properties by comparing them to county records.
data analysis — Cross-checking records against criteria, human spot-checks
Verify accuracy of records.
#21563 · Core · 45% automatable
Evaluate land and neighborhoods where properties are situated, considering locations and trends or impending changes that could influence future values.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21571 · Core · 45% automatable
Examine the type and location of nearby services, such as shopping centers, schools, parks, and other neighborhood features, to evaluate their impact on property values.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21562 · Core · 65% automatable
Examine income records and operating costs of income properties.
data analysis — Examines records for anomalies; human validates findings
Examine financial records.
#21572 · Core · 78% automatable
Estimate building replacement costs, using building valuation manuals and professional cost estimators.
data analysis — Cost estimation from given inputs
Estimate costs of goods or services.
#21573 · Core · 70% automatable
Draw land diagrams to be used in appraisal reports to support findings.
text generation — Data/product visuals generated; human selects and verifies
Create images of data, locations, or products.
#21560 · Core · 42% automatable
Conduct regular reviews of property within jurisdictions to determine changes in property due to construction or demolition.
visual inspection — Physical property inspection needs on-site sensory judgment
Evaluate condition of properties.
#21574 · Core · 15% automatable
Testify in court as to the value of a piece of real estate property.
interpersonal — Testimony carries legal accountability and live presence
Testify at legal or legislative proceedings.
#21555 · Supplemental · 65% automatable
Identify the ownership of each piece of taxable property.
data analysis — Examines records for anomalies; human validates findings
Examine financial records.
#21553 · Supplemental · 85% automatable
Prepare and maintain current data on each parcel assessed, including maps of boundaries, inventories of land and structures, property characteristics, and any applicable exemptions.
data analysis — Enter and maintain data in information systems
Maintain data in information systems or databases.
#21561 · Supplemental · 60% automatable
Establish uniform and equitable systems for assessing all classes and kinds of property.
decision support — AI drafts system specs; business context human
Develop business or financial information systems.
#21575 · Supplemental · 80% automatable
Calculate tax bills for properties by multiplying assessed values by jurisdiction tax rates.
data analysis — Organizational calculations from given data
Calculate data to inform organizational operations.
#21578 · Supplemental · 45% automatable
Determine taxability of properties, using methods such as field inspection, structural measurement, calculation, sales analysis, market trend studies, and income and expense analysis.
decision support — Appraisal needs local market judgment and inspection
Appraise property values.
#21554 · Supplemental · 62% automatable
Explain assessed values to property owners and defend appealed assessments at public hearings.
data analysis — AI interprets financials; human owns advice
Interpret financial information for others.
#21559 · Supplemental · 57% automatable
Explain real and personal property taxes to property owners.
information retrieval — AI explains policies; human handles live questions
Explain regulations, policies, or procedures. Explain financial information to customers. Advise real estate clients.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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