Gini Loh System Tools

AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace Taxi Drivers?

Task-level automation exposure for Taxi Drivers: 16 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

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Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

35% weighted task index

16 of 16 tasks scored

Median Salary

$42,100 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

Medium

41,050 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

+11.5% employment change

20,400 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 25 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$26,970 – $48,740

Highest medians

Texas $48,740
Nevada $44,800
Colorado $43,490
New York $41,570
New Hampshire $41,510

Lowest medians

Kansas $26,970
Wisconsin $27,820
Florida $28,060
Virginia $28,490
Puerto Rico $31,620

State figures come from the 53-3054 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 35%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 38%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 13%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 6%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Constituent Task Mix

16 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 25%

4 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 25%

4 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 50%

8 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Constituent Tasks

#23758 · Core · 20% automatable

Collect fares or vouchers from passengers, and make change or issue receipts as necessary.

physical manipulation — Collecting fares physically from customers

Collect fares or payment from customers.
#23759 · Core · 35% automatable

Communicate with dispatchers by radio, telephone, or computer to exchange information and receive requests for passenger service.

situated mobility — Vehicle movement coordination is real-time physical

Communicate with others to coordinate vehicle movement.
#23760 · Core · 72% automatable

Complete accident reports when necessary.

text generation — Draft incident reports; human verifies facts and liability

Prepare accident or incident reports.
#23761 · Core · 55% automatable

Determine fares based on trip distances and times, using taximeters and fee schedules, and announce fares to passengers.

information retrieval — Transport info lookup automatable; live assistance human

Provide transportation information to passengers or customers.
#23762 · Core · 10% automatable

Drive taxicabs or privately owned vehicles to transport passengers.

situated mobility — Driving passenger vehicles needs real-world control

Drive passenger vehicles.
#23763 · Core · 55% automatable

Follow relevant safety regulations and state laws governing vehicle operation, and ensure that passengers follow safety regulations.

decision support — AI can guide safety procedures but human executes driving

Follow safety procedures for vehicle operation.
#23764 · Core · 65% automatable

Notify dispatchers or company mechanics of vehicle problems.

text generation — Reporting malfunctions is structured information relay

Report vehicle or equipment malfunctions.
#23765 · Core · 7% automatable

Perform minor vehicle repairs, such as cleaning spark plugs, or take vehicles to mechanics for servicing.

physical manipulation — Physical vehicle maintenance work

Clean vehicles or vehicle components. Maintain vehicles in good working condition.
#23766 · Core · 8% automatable

Perform routine vehicle maintenance, such as regulating tire pressure and adding gasoline, oil, and water.

physical manipulation — Physical vehicle maintenance work

Maintain vehicles in good working condition.
#23767 · Core · 10% automatable

Pick up passengers at prearranged locations, at taxi stands, or by cruising streets in high-traffic areas.

situated mobility — Driving passenger vehicles needs real-world control

Drive passenger vehicles.
#23768 · Core · 5% automatable

Provide passengers with assistance entering and exiting vehicles, and help them with any luggage.

physical manipulation — Physical boarding assistance

Assist passengers during vehicle boarding.
#23769 · Core · 55% automatable

Provide passengers with information or advice about the local area, points of interest, hotels, or restaurants.

information retrieval — Transport info lookup automatable; live assistance human

Provide transportation information to passengers or customers.
#23770 · Core · 62% automatable

Report to taxicab services or garages to receive vehicle assignments.

information retrieval — Receiving instructions is passive; AI can parse and relay

Receive information or instructions for performing work assignments.
#23771 · Core · 20% automatable

Test vehicle equipment, such as lights, brakes, horns, or windshield wipers, to ensure proper operation.

visual inspection — Vehicle inspection is physical on-site work

Inspect motor vehicles.
#23772 · Core · 82% automatable

Turn the taximeter on when passengers enter the cab, and turn it off when they reach the final destination.

data analysis — Cost calculation from structured inputs

Calculate costs of goods or services.
#23773 · Core · 5% automatable

Vacuum and clean interiors and wash and polish exteriors of automobiles.

physical manipulation — Hands-on washing of vehicle surfaces and parts

Clean vehicles or vehicle components.
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Method

How this was scored

  1. 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
  2. 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
  3. 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
  4. 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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