Gini Loh System Tools

AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining?

Task-level automation exposure for Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining: 25 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

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Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

18% weighted task index

25 of 25 tasks scored

Median Salary

$74,500 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

Low

5,930 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

-15.8% employment change

400 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 20 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$44,760 – $112,110

Highest medians

Wyoming $112,110
Alaska $93,130
Nevada $82,920
South Carolina $80,480
Colorado $79,150

Lowest medians

Oklahoma $44,760
Texas $47,310
Iowa $48,490
Louisiana $48,670
Georgia $50,380

State figures come from the 47-5044 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 18%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 71%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 7%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 6%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Consequence of error 35/100 Moderate

O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.

Constituent Task Mix

25 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 9%

3 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 4%

1 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 87%

21 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Constituent Tasks

#23501 · Core · 9% automatable

Handle high voltage sources and hang electrical cables.

physical manipulation — Connecting cables is hands-on installation

Install electrical components, equipment, or systems. Connect cables or electrical lines.
#23498 · Core · 5% automatable

Drive loaded shuttle cars to ramps and move controls to discharge loads into mine cars or onto conveyors.

physical manipulation — Hands-on vehicle and equipment operation

Operate vehicles or material-moving equipment.
#15183 · Core · 6% automatable

Pry off loose material from roofs and move it into the paths of machines, using crowbars.

physical manipulation — Manual moving of materials and supplies

Remove debris or damaged materials. Move materials, equipment, or supplies.
#15184 · Core · 8% automatable

Move trailing electrical cables clear of obstructions, using rubber safety gloves.

physical manipulation — Positioning material handling equipment is physical

Position material handling equipment.
#23496 · Core · 18% automatable

Control conveyors that run the entire length of shuttle cars to distribute loads as loading progresses.

physical manipulation — Physical control of conveyors and material movers

Operate conveyors or other industrial material moving equipment.
#23506 · Core · 5% automatable

Observe hand signals, grade stakes, or other markings when operating machines.

physical manipulation — Physical hand signals to direct vehicle movement

Signal others to coordinate vehicle movement.
#23499 · Core · 4% automatable

Examine roadway and clear obstructions from the path of travel.

physical manipulation — Manual removal of debris from sites

Remove debris from work sites.
#15185 · Core · 8% automatable

Drive machines into piles of material blasted from working faces.

physical manipulation — Excavation equipment operated by hand in field

Operate excavation equipment.
#15186 · Core · 18% automatable

Operate levers to move conveyor booms or shovels so that mine contents such as coal, rock, and ore can be placed into cars or onto conveyors.

physical manipulation — Physical control of conveyors and material movers

Operate conveyors or other industrial material moving equipment.
#23495 · Core · 12% automatable

Clean, fuel, service, and perform safety checks on all equipment, and repair and replace parts as necessary.

visual inspection — Condition assessment needs physical presence

Inspect equipment or facilities to determine condition or maintenance needs. Clean equipment or supplies. Perform manual service or maintenance tasks.
#15187 · Core · 10% automatable

Clean hoppers, and clean spillage from tracks, walks, driveways, and conveyor decking.

physical manipulation — Machinery cleaning requires hands-on work

Clean machinery or equipment.
#15188 · Core · 8% automatable

Oil, lubricate, and adjust conveyors, crushers, and other equipment, using hand tools and lubricating equipment.

physical manipulation — Physical maintenance of material moving equipment

Maintain material moving equipment in good working condition.
#23504 · Core · 33% automatable

Monitor loading processes to ensure that materials are loaded according to specifications.

visual inspection — Loading oversight is physical, in-the-world supervision

Monitor loading processes to ensure they are performed properly.
#23503 · Core · 44% automatable

Measure, weigh, or verify levels of rock, gravel, or other excavated material to prevent equipment overloads.

information retrieval — Spec verification against references, human confirms edge cases

Measure product or material dimensions. Weigh materials to ensure compliance with specifications. Verify information or specifications.
#15189 · Core · 8% automatable

Replace hydraulic hoses, headlight bulbs, and gathering-arm teeth.

physical manipulation — Physical maintenance of material moving equipment

Maintain material moving equipment in good working condition.
#15190 · Supplemental · 8% automatable

Stop gathering arms when cars are full.

physical manipulation — Excavation equipment operated by hand in field

Operate excavation equipment.
#23505 · Supplemental · 8% automatable

Move mine cars into position for loading and unloading, using pinchbars inserted under car wheels to position cars under loading spouts.

physical manipulation — Positioning material handling equipment is physical

Position material handling equipment.
#15191 · Supplemental · 18% automatable

Advance machines to gather material and convey it into cars.

physical manipulation — Physical control of conveyors and material movers

Operate conveyors or other industrial material moving equipment.
#15193 · Supplemental · 5% automatable

Signal workers to move loaded cars.

physical manipulation — Physical hand signals to direct vehicle movement

Signal others to coordinate vehicle movement.
#23500 · Supplemental · 10% automatable

Guide and stop cars by switching, applying brakes, or placing scotches, or wooden wedges, between wheels and rails.

situated mobility — Locomotive operation requires real-world vehicle control

Operate locomotives or other rail vehicles.
#15194 · Supplemental · 82% automatable

Observe and record car numbers, carriers, customers, tonnages, and grades and conditions of material.

data analysis — Record production data into structured logs

Record operational or production data.
#23509 · Supplemental · 60% automatable

Read written instructions or confer with supervisors about schedules and materials to be moved.

information retrieval — Parse work orders into procedures reliably

Review work orders or schedules to determine operations or procedures. Communicate with others to coordinate material handling or movement.
#23502 · Supplemental · 82% automatable

Maintain records of materials moved.

data analysis — Record production data into structured logs

Record operational or production data.
#23497 · Supplemental · 22% automatable

Direct other workers to move stakes, place blocks, position anchors or cables, or move materials.

physical manipulation — Material handling direction is on-floor supervision

Direct material handling or moving activities.
#23508 · Supplemental · 8% automatable

Push or ride cars down slopes, or hook cars to cables and control cable drum brakes, to ease cars down inclines.

physical manipulation — Positioning material handling equipment is physical

Position material handling equipment.
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Community Sentiment

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Method

How this was scored

  1. 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
  2. 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
  3. 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
  4. 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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