AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace Glaziers?

Task-level automation exposure for Glaziers: 27 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

E-E-A-T Verified

Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

13% weighted task index

27 of 27 tasks scored

Median Salary

$57,080 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

Medium

58,480 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

+1.9% employment change

3,900 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 51 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$22,220 – $100,810

Highest medians

Massachusetts $100,810

Hawaii $80,800

District of Columbia $78,390

New Jersey $70,890

Oregon $70,890

Lowest medians

Puerto Rico $22,220

Mississippi $36,750

Georgia $43,340

Arkansas $44,700

Oklahoma $45,380

State figures come from the 47-2121 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 13%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 81%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 3%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 0%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Consequence of error 36/100 Moderate

O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.

Constituent Task Mix

27 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 5%

1 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 5%

2 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 90%

24 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Constituent Tasks

#11484 · Core · 70% automatable

Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required.

visual inspection — Specs reading aided, human validates requirements

Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.

#11485 · Core · 18% automatable

Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels.

physical manipulation — Alignment verification needs physical measurement tools

Verify alignment of structures or equipment.

#11496 · Core · 3% automatable

Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools.

physical manipulation — Metal structural installation is hands-on

Install metal structural components. Install wooden structural components.

#11486 · Core · 7% automatable

Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing.

physical manipulation — Part fabrication requires physical machining and handling

Install metal structural components. Fabricate parts or components.

#11504 · Core · 10% automatable

Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass.

physical manipulation — Crane/hoist operation demands real-time physical control

Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

#11492 · Core · 3% automatable

Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls.

physical manipulation — Door and window installation is hands-on

Install doors or windows.

#11490 · Core · 5% automatable

Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products.

physical manipulation — Glass cutting requires fine manual dexterity

Cut glass.

#11495 · Core · 7% automatable

Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools.

situated mobility — Truck driving needs real-world navigation and control

Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction. Drive trucks or truck-mounted equipment.

#11499 · Core · 7% automatable

Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass.

physical manipulation — Crane/hoist operation demands real-time physical control

Load or unload materials used in construction or extraction. Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

#11487 · Core · 24% automatable

Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures.

physical manipulation — Physical measurement for assembly fitting

Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly.

#11497 · Core · 5% automatable

Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation.

physical manipulation — Metal cutting with tools, hands-on

Install doors or windows. Cut metal components for installation. Cut wood components for installation.

#11503 · Core · 6% automatable

Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives.

physical manipulation — On-site trimming of installed materials

Trim excess material from installations. Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

#11498 · Core · 8% automatable

Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment.

physical manipulation — Erecting temporary structures requires physical assembly

Assemble temporary equipment or structures. Dismantle equipment or temporary structures.

#11491 · Core · 5% automatable

Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass.

physical manipulation — Hands-on removal of worn materials

Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas. Cut glass.

#11489 · Core · 4% automatable

Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws.

physical manipulation — Installing fixtures requires manual dexterity

Install building fixtures.

#11500 · Core · 16% automatable

Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines.

physical manipulation — Physical measurement for assembly fitting

Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. Mark reference points on construction materials.

#11501 · Core · 8% automatable

Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary.

physical manipulation — Abrasive hand work on physical surfaces

Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools.

#11488 · Core · 4% automatable

Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints.

physical manipulation — Applying filler to surfaces is hands-on

Install doors or windows. Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

#11493 · Core · 5% automatable

Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools.

physical manipulation — Glass cutting requires fine manual dexterity

Cut glass.

#11494 · Core · 4% automatable

Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures.

physical manipulation — Installing fixtures requires manual dexterity

Install building fixtures.

#11502 · Core · 5% automatable

Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil.

physical manipulation — Glass cutting requires fine manual dexterity

Cut glass.

#11507 · Core · 4% automatable

Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths.

physical manipulation — Hands-on placement of protective coverings

Protect structures or surfaces near work areas to avoid damage.

#11505 · Supplemental · 52% automatable

Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates.

interpersonal — Client dialogue on products/policies is relational

Communicate with clients about products, procedures, and policies.

#11506 · Supplemental · 55% automatable

Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications.

decision support — Construction material selection needs code and site judgment

Select construction materials.

#11509 · Supplemental · 15% automatable

Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare.

physical manipulation — Physical measurement for assembly fitting

Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. Cut carpet, vinyl or other flexible materials.

#11508 · Supplemental · 8% automatable

Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together.

physical manipulation — Hands-on adhesive application in unstructured construction settings

Apply adhesives to construction materials.

#11510 · Supplemental · 4% automatable

Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs.

physical manipulation — Hands-on textured finish application

Apply decorative or textured finishes or coverings.

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Community Sentiment

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Method

How this was scored

1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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