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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace Emergency Medicine Physicians?
Task-level automation exposure for Emergency Medicine Physicians: 17 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
40%
weighted task index
17 of 17 tasks scored
Median Salary
$335,550 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
Medium
32,880 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
+3.2%
employment change
900 openings a year · BLS line item
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 31 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$140,370 – $512,730
Highest medians
Rhode Island $512,730
West Virginia $491,230
Missouri $456,280
Alaska $452,620
Maryland $451,620
Lowest medians
Utah $140,370
Kentucky $169,390
Florida $204,990
Georgia $219,010
Idaho $221,430
State figures come from the 29-1214 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 40%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 0%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 77%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 6%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 97/100
High
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
17 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 0%
0 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 78%
13 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 22%
4 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Emerging & rewritten tasks
Tasks O*NET added or rewrote for this occupation in its recent updates (05/2025 – 08/2026), with who proposed them. Additions are not in the scored task inventory — they are new work O*NET is still measuring, so they appear here and nowhere in the index. A Revision replaces a task that is scored, which is why only those move the "Rewritten by O*NET" share.
- New 08/2025 · Occupational Expert
Consult and direct other medical personnel on patient care.
- New 08/2025 · Occupational Expert
Process patient transfers to and from other hospitals.
Constituent Tasks
#22730 · Core · 36% automatable
Select, request, perform, or interpret diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, emergency ultrasounds, and radiographs.
decision support — Clinical ordering requires licensed human accountability
Conduct diagnostic tests to determine patient health. Diagnose medical conditions. Order medical diagnostic or clinical tests.
#22723 · Core · 55% automatable
Evaluate patients' vital signs or laboratory data to determine emergency intervention needs and priority of treatment.
decision support — Treatment goals need clinical accountability and context
Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals.
#22726 · Core · 18% automatable
Perform emergency resuscitations on patients.
physical manipulation — Hands-on emergency resuscitation and physical intervention
Treat medical emergencies.
#22731 · Core · 18% automatable
Stabilize patients in critical condition.
physical manipulation — Hands-on emergency resuscitation and physical intervention
Treat medical emergencies.
#22727 · Core · 2% automatable
Perform such medical procedures as emergent cricothyrotomy, endotracheal intubation, and emergency thoracotomy.
physical manipulation — Surgery is physical and high-accountability
Operate on patients to treat conditions.
#22715 · Core · 58% automatable
Analyze records, examination information, or test results to diagnose medical conditions.
visual inspection — Image interpretation assists; radiologist owns diagnosis
Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment.
#22720 · Core · 42% automatable
Consult with hospitalists and other professionals, such as social workers, regarding patients' hospital admission, continued observation, transition of care, or discharge.
interpersonal — Care planning conferral is collaborative clinical judgment
Confer with other professionals to plan patient care.
#22719 · Core · 45% automatable
Conduct primary patient assessments that include information from prior medical care.
decision support — Functional assessment aided by data, exam human
Evaluate patient functioning, capabilities, or health.
#22718 · Core · 55% automatable
Communicate likely outcomes of medical diseases or traumatic conditions to patients or their representatives.
decision support — Treatment-effect advice needs clinical tailoring
Advise patients on effects of health conditions or treatments.
#22725 · Core · 44% automatable
Monitor patients' conditions, and reevaluate treatments, as necessary.
data analysis — Outcome analysis from records, clinician interprets
Monitor patient conditions during treatments, procedures, or activities. Evaluate patient outcomes to determine effectiveness of treatments.
#22721 · Core · 25% automatable
Direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, residents, and other medical staff.
interpersonal — Patient care supervision is live clinical leadership
Supervise patient care personnel.
#22729 · Core · 39% automatable
Select and prescribe medications to address patient needs.
decision support — Treatment guidance aided; clinical accountability human
Evaluate treatment options to guide medical decisions. Prescribe medications.
#22717 · Core · 46% automatable
Collect and record patient information, such as medical history or examination results, in electronic or handwritten medical records.
interpersonal — Patient history requires live elicitation and judgment
Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals. Record patient medical histories.
#22722 · Core · 42% automatable
Discuss patients' treatment plans with physicians and other medical professionals.
interpersonal — Care planning conferral is collaborative clinical judgment
Confer with other professionals to plan patient care.
#22724 · Core · 55% automatable
Identify factors that may affect patient management, such as age, gender, barriers to communication, and underlying disease.
decision support — Treatment goals need clinical accountability and context
Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals.
#22716 · Core · 35% automatable
Assess patients' pain levels or sedation requirements.
decision support — AI aids chart review; clinical observation of patient is human
Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments.
#22728 · Core · 55% automatable
Refer patients to specialists or other practitioners.
decision support — Clinical referral judgment needs licensed human accountability
Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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