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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners?
Task-level automation exposure for Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners: 15 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
60%
weighted task index
15 of 15 tasks scored
Median Salary
$72,420 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
Low
12,870 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
-0.1%
employment change
1,800 openings a year · BLS line item
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 39 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$38,300 – $116,020
Highest medians
California $116,020
Texas $110,080
Washington $107,670
New York $101,990
Iowa $93,810
Lowest medians
Puerto Rico $38,300
Delaware $44,760
Maine $49,110
Florida $49,240
Kentucky $50,350
State figures come from the 27-3092 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 60%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 0%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 12%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 59%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 24/100
Low
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
15 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 61%
9 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 20%
3 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 19%
3 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Emerging & rewritten tasks
Tasks O*NET added or rewrote for this occupation in its recent updates (05/2025 – 08/2026), with who proposed them. Additions are not in the scored task inventory — they are new work O*NET is still measuring, so they appear here and nowhere in the index. A Revision replaces a task that is scored, which is why only those move the "Rewritten by O*NET" share.
- New 08/2026 · Occupational Expert
Perform live captioning services for meetings or events.
- New 08/2026 · Occupational Expert
Transmit real-time feeds to judges and attorneys during proceedings.
Constituent Tasks
#8654 · Core · 55% automatable
Provide transcripts of proceedings upon request of judges, lawyers, or the public.
information retrieval — Public info provision partly automatable; accountability human
Provide information to the general public.
#8663 · Core · 85% automatable
Record symbols on computer storage media and use computer aided transcription to translate and display them as text.
data analysis — Data entry into systems automatable
Enter information into databases or software programs.
#8655 · Core · 68% automatable
Record verbatim proceedings of courts, legislative assemblies, committee meetings, and other proceedings, using computerized recording equipment, electronic stenograph machines, or stenomasks.
text generation — Transcribing/recording proceedings; human verifies
Record information from legal proceedings.
#8661 · Core · 68% automatable
Record depositions and other proceedings for attorneys.
text generation — Transcribing/recording proceedings; human verifies
Record information from legal proceedings.
#8657 · Core · 33% automatable
Ask speakers to clarify inaudible statements.
interpersonal — Court staff conferral is relational and context-bound
Meet with individuals involved in legal processes to provide information and clarify issues. Confer with court staff to clarify information.
#21183 · Core · 88% automatable
Proofread transcripts for correct spelling of words.
text generation — Proofreading text for accuracy is core LLM strength
Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.
#8658 · Core · 45% automatable
File a legible transcript of records of a court case with the court clerk's office.
physical manipulation — Filing physical documents requires hands in the world
File documents or records.
#8656 · Core · 68% automatable
Transcribe recorded proceedings in accordance with established formats.
text generation — Transcribing/recording proceedings; human verifies
Record information from legal proceedings.
#8653 · Core · 68% automatable
Take notes in shorthand or use a stenotype or shorthand machine that prints letters on a paper tape.
text generation — Transcribing/recording proceedings; human verifies
Record information from legal proceedings.
#8659 · Core · 82% automatable
File and store shorthand notes of court session.
information retrieval — Organize and index legal documents
Maintain the order of legal documents.
#8660 · Core · 35% automatable
Respond to requests during court sessions to read portions of the proceedings already recorded.
interpersonal — Court staff conferral is relational and context-bound
Confer with court staff to clarify information.
#24027 · Core · 15% automatable
Swear in witnesses.
interpersonal — Administering oaths requires legal presence and authority
Administer oaths to court participants.
#21184 · Supplemental · 30% automatable
Log and store exhibits from court proceedings.
physical manipulation — Forensic evidence handling requires chain-of-custody hands
Process forensic or legal evidence in accordance with procedures.
#24028 · Supplemental · 65% automatable
File exhibits.
data analysis — Maintain files and records in structured systems
Maintain records, documents, or other files. File documents or records.
#8662 · Supplemental · 81% automatable
Verify accuracy of transcripts by checking copies against original records of proceedings and accuracy of rulings by checking with judges.
data analysis — Cross-checking records against criteria, human spot-checks
Verify accuracy of records. Review documents or materials for compliance with policies or regulations.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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