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AI Automation Index
Will AI Replace Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators?
Task-level automation exposure for Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators: 20 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.
E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh Automation Exposure
36%
weighted task index
20 of 20 tasks scored
Median Salary
$75,530 / year
BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation
Employment Level
Low
9,210 people hold this job — size, not growth
Projected 2025–35
+4.7%
employment change
300 openings a year · BLS line item
Pay by state
BLS OEWS publishes 24 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.
$36,780 – $162,410
Highest medians
Illinois $162,410
District of Columbia $110,300
New Mexico $110,180
California $97,680
Colorado $82,590
Lowest medians
Oklahoma $36,780
Louisiana $46,100
Texas $50,940
Puerto Rico $50,960
Indiana $57,390
State figures come from the 23-1022 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.
What the score is made of
Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.
Automation potential 36%
Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.
Physical work 0%
Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.
Judgment & influence 39%
Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.
Routine administration 16%
Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.
Rewritten by O*NET 0%
Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.
Consequence of error 10/100
Low
O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.
Constituent Task Mix
20 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.
High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 14%
3 tasks
Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 35%
7 tasks
Low exposure (below 35%) 50%
10 tasks
How would you survive?
Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.
Simulate Upskilling →Constituent Tasks
#12999 · Core · 40% automatable
Prepare written opinions or decisions regarding cases.
decision support — Legal decisions carry accountability; AI only drafts
Prepare written decisions for legal proceedings.
#20238 · Core · 39% automatable
Apply relevant laws, regulations, policies, or precedents to reach conclusions.
information retrieval — Precedent analysis; attorney owns legal judgment
Identify implications for cases from legal precedents or other legal information. Make decisions in legal cases.
#20239 · Core · 15% automatable
Conduct hearings to obtain information or evidence relative to disposition of claims.
interpersonal — Hearings are live human proceedings
Conduct hearings to investigate legal issues.
#20240 · Core · 15% automatable
Determine extent of liability according to evidence, laws, or administrative or judicial precedents.
decision support — Legal decisions are accountable human judgment
Make decisions in legal cases.
#13001 · Core · 15% automatable
Rule on exceptions, motions, or admissibility of evidence.
decision support — Admissibility rulings are judicial human acts
Rule on admissibility of legal proceedings.
#12993 · Core · 30% automatable
Confer with disputants to clarify issues, identify underlying concerns, and develop an understanding of their respective needs and interests.
interpersonal — Legal-process meetings carry accountability and live presence
Meet with individuals involved in legal processes to provide information and clarify issues.
#12994 · Core · 22% automatable
Use mediation techniques to facilitate communication between disputants, to further parties' understanding of different perspectives, and to guide parties toward mutual agreement.
decision support — Arbitration carries legal authority and judgment
Arbitrate disputes between parties to resolve legal conflicts.
#13008 · Core · 30% automatable
Conduct initial meetings with disputants to outline the arbitration process, settle procedural matters, such as fees, or determine details, such as witness numbers or time requirements.
interpersonal — Legal-process meetings carry accountability and live presence
Meet with individuals involved in legal processes to provide information and clarify issues.
#13003 · Core · 62% automatable
Evaluate information from documents, such as claim applications, birth or death certificates, or physician or employer records.
information retrieval — Legal record evaluation aided, human decides
Evaluate information related to legal matters in public or personal records.
#13005 · Core · 64% automatable
Research laws, regulations, policies, or precedent decisions to prepare for hearings.
information retrieval — Legal research strong, decision human
Research relevant legal materials to aid decision making. Identify implications for cases from legal precedents or other legal information.
#13010 · Core · 37% automatable
Issue subpoenas or administer oaths to prepare for formal hearings.
text generation — Draft legal documents; attorney owns final
Prepare legal documents. Administer oaths to court participants.
#12995 · Core · 55% automatable
Set up appointments for parties to meet for mediation.
decision support — Legal scheduling coordination is largely clerical with judgment
Coordinate legal schedules or activities.
#13007 · Core · 40% automatable
Recommend acceptance or rejection of compromise settlement offers.
decision support — Legal advice carries licensure and liability; human owns
Provide legal advice to clients.
#12996 · Core · 58% automatable
Prepare settlement agreements for disputants to sign.
text generation — Draft legal documents; attorney owns final
Prepare legal documents.
#13011 · Core · 20% automatable
Authorize payment of valid claims.
decision support — Settlement authorization is high-stakes human judgment
Authorize payments to settle legal disputes.
#13004 · Supplemental · 30% automatable
Interview claimants, agents, or witnesses to obtain information about disputed issues.
interpersonal — Claimant interviews require human assessment
Interview claimants to get information related to legal proceedings.
#13012 · Supplemental · 66% automatable
Conduct studies of appeals procedures to ensure adherence to legal requirements or to facilitate disposition of cases.
information retrieval — Legal research strong, decision human
Research relevant legal materials to aid decision making.
#19807 · Supplemental · 22% automatable
Specialize in the negotiation and resolution of environmental conflicts involving issues such as natural resource allocation or regional development planning.
decision support — Arbitration carries legal authority and judgment
Arbitrate disputes between parties to resolve legal conflicts.
#12997 · Supplemental · 55% automatable
Organize or deliver public presentations about mediation to organizations, such as community agencies or schools.
text generation — Program info drafted; public presentation human
Present social services program information to the public.
#13009 · Supplemental · 12% automatable
Participate in court proceedings.
interpersonal — Legal representation is accountability-bearing human advocacy
Represent the interests of clients in legal proceedings.
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How this was scored
- 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
- 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
- 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
- 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.
Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.
Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast
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