Gini Loh System Tools

AI Automation Index

Will AI Replace Billing and Posting Clerks?

Task-level automation exposure for Billing and Posting Clerks: 26 O*NET tasks scored against their work activities, plus the simulator.

E-E-A-T Verified
Developed & audited by Gini Loh

Automation Exposure

67% weighted task index

26 of 26 tasks scored

Median Salary

$48,500 / year

BLS OEWS, May 2025 — this exact occupation

Employment Level

Very High

404,060 people hold this job — size, not growth

Projected 2025–35

-0.1% employment change

37,000 openings a year · BLS line item

Pay by state

BLS OEWS publishes 54 state estimates for this occupation. Each is its own survey estimate, not the national median adjusted for local prices.

$26,900 – $64,330

Highest medians

District of Columbia $64,330
California $56,260
Massachusetts $56,110
Washington $56,090
Minnesota $55,810

Lowest medians

Guam $26,900
Puerto Rico $28,490
Arkansas $38,780
West Virginia $39,300
Alabama $39,520

State figures come from the 43-3021 row in the May 2025 state panel. States where the estimate was suppressed or too small to publish are absent.

What the score is made of

Each task is mapped to its work activities, scored for AI automation potential, and weighted by how important those activities are to the job. These are the components.

Automation potential 67%

Importance-weighted mean of the scored tasks. This is the headline index.

Physical work 12%

Share of weighted tasks in hands-on or machine-operating work activities.

Judgment & influence 31%

Share in analysis, decisions, teaching, directing, advising, or caring for others.

Routine administration 33%

Share in documenting, recording, and administrative activities.

Rewritten by O*NET 0%

Share of weighted tasks O*NET rewrote in a recent update. Reported, not folded into the score.

Consequence of error 3/100 Low

O*NET's own rating of how serious an uncorrectable mistake would be here — respondents, not us. Deliberately not in the index: the score measures what AI can do with the task content, and multiplying it by stakes would be our judgment dressed as data.

Constituent Task Mix

26 tasks for this occupation, weighted by work-activity importance. Shares below are of total task weight, not task count.

High exposure (≥ 60% of the task is automatable) 74%

19 tasks

Medium exposure (≥ 35%) 10%

3 tasks

Low exposure (below 35%) 16%

4 tasks

How would you survive?

Move your week away from the high-exposure tasks and toward the ones that need judgment. The simulator recalculates the index as you shift the mix.

Simulate Upskilling →

Constituent Tasks

#23238 · Core · 85% automatable

Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors.

data analysis — Transactional data verification is rule-based and reliable

Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
#23240 · Core · 74% automatable

Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered.

data analysis — Maintain financial records; human reconciles exceptions

Maintain financial or account records. Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.
#23246 · Core · 80% automatable

Keep records of invoices and support documents.

data analysis — Maintain financial records; human reconciles exceptions

Maintain financial or account records.
#23242 · Core · 20% automatable

Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines.

physical manipulation — Physical operation of office machines and jams

Operate office equipment.
#23264 · Core · 82% automatable

Create billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms.

text generation — Standard financial documents drafted from data

Prepare financial documents.
#23265 · Core · 76% automatable

Perform general administrative tasks, such as answering telephones, scheduling appointments, and ordering supplies or equipment.

decision support — Calendar scheduling automatable; exceptions need human judgment

Schedule appointments. Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information. Order materials, supplies, or equipment.
#23244 · Core · 55% automatable

Contact customers to obtain or relay account information.

interpersonal — Account discussions need human relationship and judgment

Discuss account status or activity with customers or patrons.
#23260 · Supplemental · 78% automatable

Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates.

data analysis — Financial analysis from given data; human reviews

Analyze financial information.
#23262 · Supplemental · 62% automatable

Answer inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures.

information retrieval — AI explains policies; human handles live questions

Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
#23259 · Supplemental · 20% automatable

Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand.

physical manipulation — Physical operation of office machines and jams

Operate office equipment.
#23256 · Supplemental · 80% automatable

Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services.

data analysis — Maintain operational records in structured systems

Maintain operational records.
#23255 · Supplemental · 85% automatable

Consult sources, such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives, to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information.

information retrieval — Search files and references for info

Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.
#23245 · Supplemental · 82% automatable

Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due.

data analysis — Cost calculation from structured inputs

Calculate costs of goods or services.
#23263 · Supplemental · 78% automatable

Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment.

data analysis — Reports and budgets drafted; human owns assumptions

Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
#23243 · Supplemental · 85% automatable

Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.

data analysis — Reconciling transaction records is rule-based matching

Reconcile records of sales or other financial transactions.
#23258 · Supplemental · 84% automatable

Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents.

data analysis — Shipping cost calculation from rates and weights

Calculate shipping costs. Calculate costs of goods or services.
#23241 · Supplemental · 80% automatable

Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods.

data analysis — Maintain financial records; human reconciles exceptions

Maintain financial or account records.
#23248 · Supplemental · 42% automatable

Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation.

visual inspection — Sensor/vision monitoring possible, but physical verification and accountability remain human

Monitor equipment operation to ensure proper functioning.
#23257 · Supplemental · 83% automatable

Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.

text generation — Prepare reference materials from source content

Prepare informational or reference materials.
#23250 · Supplemental · 30% automatable

Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment.

physical manipulation — Physical weighing of parcels on scale

Weigh parcels to determine shipping costs.
#23251 · Supplemental · 85% automatable

Compare previously prepared bank statements with canceled checks and reconcile discrepancies.

data analysis — Reconciling transaction records is rule-based matching

Reconcile records of sales or other financial transactions.
#23247 · Supplemental · 25% automatable

Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers.

physical manipulation — Routing physical mail requires sorting by hand

Route mail to correct destinations.
#23266 · Supplemental · 72% automatable

Return checks to customers or retrieve checks returned to customers in error, adjusting accounts and answering inquiries about errors as necessary.

data analysis — Financial calculations fully automatable

Calculate financial data. Respond to customer problems or complaints.
#23237 · Supplemental · 72% automatable

Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks.

text generation — Providing routine information to coworkers is text-based

Provide information to coworkers.
#23239 · Supplemental · 85% automatable

Verify signatures and required information on checks.

data analysis — Transactional data verification is rule-based and reliable

Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
#23249 · Supplemental · 39% automatable

Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems.

text generation — Reporting maintenance problems is routine messaging

Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition. Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel.
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Community Sentiment

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Method

How this was scored

  1. 1. Tasks. O*NET task statements for this occupation, from a release whose newest record is dated 08/2026.
  2. 2. Work activities. Each task maps to 1–5 Detailed Work Activities; each activity belongs to one of 41 Generalized Work Activities that O*NET rates for importance (1–5) in this occupation.
  3. 3. Automation potential. Every work activity carries one score for how far current AI can perform it end-to-end. Tasks inherit the mean of their activities.
  4. 4. Weighting. Task weight = 0.35 + 0.65 × (importance − 1)/4, scaled by how often the task is performed and by 0.7 for Supplemental tasks. Importance is the task's own O*NET rating where it exists (18,369 of 18,838 tasks); the rest inherit their work activities' importance. The index is the weighted mean.

Check: across the 910 occupations where O*NET also rates how far machine speed sets the pace, this index moves opposite to it (Spearman ρ = -0.49). The more a job is paced by equipment, the less of its task content AI can address — the relationship you would expect if the scoring is working.

Sources · O*NET 31.0 (task records to 08/2026) · BLS OEWS May 2025 · BLS projections 2025-2035 · rubric v2.1 · tasks for O*NET, not a forecast

See the full method →

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